 Early vine growing
References to wines and vineries in Toruń in the old chronicles might be considered a figment of imagination if not for numerous documents that confirm their existence. Vine growing in the area around Toruń was initiated by the Cistertians and the Teutonic Order in the 13th century. The latter planted the first vines on the Vistula escarpment in the right bank of the river, which was well wind protected and sunlit, as well as in the Mokre area. The wines they produced were so excellent that they were served at many neighbouring royal courts. Toruń soon developed into an important wine trading centre, which was encouraged by an increased demand for liturgical wine, lively contacts between the Teutonic Order and other countries, and bringing German and Italian experts on vine growing to the Teutonic state.
In the early 14th century the wines were used more for religious purposes rather than consumption. It was only in the second half of the century that a rapid development of viticulture occurred. Toruń wines were largely consumed by the Teutonic Knights, who used them alongside a number of fine wines they imported from abroad, which proved their quality. It was a common treat to the Kings of Poland during the receptions Toruń burghers organised to celebrate their visits.
The oldest vineyards were located on the south-facing hillsides along the Vistula, between Treposz suburb and the New City of Toruń. In the 15th century the vineyards stretched as far as Kaszczorek (one of Toruń districts today).
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In 1425 the vineyard in Kaszczorek was bought by the Watzenrode family that was related to Nicolaus Copernicus. Upon the death of Lucas Watzenrode, the vineyard was inherited by Nicolaus Copernicus senior, his son-in-law and the father of the famous astronomer. Young Copernicus numerously enjoyed the vintage time there.
Toruń engaged in large-scale grape cultivation. It has been established that the city collected tax from the vineyard owners and that there were around 25 taxed vineyards in the area around Toruń. The tax amount was huge which might indicate their considerable size.
The end of the 17th century marked the decline of Toruń vineyards. They suffered extensive crop damage as a result of draughts and frosts and were largely destroyed by numerous wars that occurred, during which they were frequently burned, even by the very defenders.
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The quality of Toruń wines
Toruń wine won remarkable recognition among the contemporaries, who considered it as one of the best. Today, however, its real quality is difficult to determine. Surely it tasted sour which does not necessarily prove it was bad. In fact, historical facts prove the contrary.
Once in 1363, during his visit to the Great Commander, Count Rudolf of Bavaria was given the opportunity to taste Toruń wine. He liked it so much that he asked for a refill saying:
"Fill my goblet again,
this is true oil which makes my lips sticky".
The Teutonic Knights consumed Toruń wine in large quantities, considering it the best in Pomerania. They also presented various celebrities with it, including Kings of Poland. In 1374 a Teutonic legate took 12 barrels to the English court. In 1402 the Great Master Konrad von Jungingen regaled King Ladislaus Jagiellon with the wine during his visit to Toruń castle for negotiations with the Teutonic Order. It might have been vintage 1362 or 1379, which for long passed as exceptionally delicious. On several occasions Toruń wines were sent to the Lithuanian court of Prince Świdrygiełło.
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